python3.x 和pip3的安装
本人在学习python3的时候，视频中使用的是python3，在讲解到有些第三方库的时候，无法使用到pip3 install来安装所需的库。由于系统是centos6.x,自带的python是2.6.x版本的。
于是，参考网上的相关资料，结合实际，将详细步骤记录下来，供参考。一、下载安装python3.6.4
cd /usr/local/srcwget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tar.xztar -xf Python-3.6.4.tar.xzcd Python-3.6.4#注意，这里需要安装依赖包，请参考centos系统安装后，常用的依赖包安装推荐：# http://www.cnblogs.com/bjx2020/p/8074896.html./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizationsmake -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l` install# 做个软连接或者将其添加到环境变量中 ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/easy_install-3.5 /usr/bin/easy_install ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
# 测试一下[root@db01 Python-3.6.4]# python3Python 3.6.4 (default, Jan 25 2018, 06:55:49)[GCC 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13)] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>>
二.、install pip for python3.x
1.首先安装setuptools
cd /usr/local/src/wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab687b47dab03bab4a792e2bbb727a1eb5e0a88e3b86/setuptools-39.0.1.zip#md5=75310b72ca0ab4e673bf7679f69d7a62unzip setuptools-39.0.1.zipcd setuptools-39.0.1python3 setup.py buildpython3 setup.py install
2.然后直接安装pip就可以了
cd /usr/local/src/wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eebtar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gzcd pip-8.0.2python3 setup.py buildpython3 setup.py install# 安装pip-9.0.3.tar.gz，遇到坑了
3. 检查一下
# 查看python3目录下是否多了pip3[root@db01 pip-8.0.2]# ls /usr/local/python3/bin/2to3 idle3 pip3.6 python3.6 python3-config2to3-3.6 idle3.6 pydoc3 python3.6-config pyvenveasy_install pip pydoc3.6 python3.6m pyvenv-3.6easy_install-3.6 pip3 python3 python3.6m-config[root@db01 pip-8.0.2]# # 这里还是添加到环境变量中好点[root@db01 pip-9.0.3]# ll -d /usr/local/python3/bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 27 20:58 /usr/local/python3/bin/[root@db01 pip-9.0.3]# vim /root/.bash_profile # 追加在最后PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/binsource /root/.bash_profile
4.安装前的错误信息
# 在安装chardet模块前的错误信息[root@db01 local]# python3Python 3.6.4 (default, Jan 25 2018, 06:55:49) [GCC 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13)] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import chardetTraceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'chardet'>>> # 安装第三方库[root@db01 pip-8.0.2]# pip3 install chardetCollecting chardet Downloading chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 135kB 730kB/s Installing collected packages: chardetSuccessfully installed chardet-3.0.4You are using pip version 8.0.2, however version 9.0.3 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.[root@db01 pip-8.0.2]# # 这里不要执行 pip install --upgrade pip ，会遇到坑的。
5.再来检查一下
[root@db01 pip-8.0.2]# python3Python 3.6.4 (default, Jan 25 2018, 06:55:49) [GCC 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13)] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import chardet>>> #不报错了，大功告成！